The number of unprovoked shark attacks in 2024 has dropped significantly compared to the average of previous years, with only 47 incidents recorded versus the usual 70. This data comes from the International Shark Attack File (ISAF), managed by the Florida Museum of Natural History. The research team, led by Gavin Naylor, head of the Florida Program for Shark Research, collected and analyzed reports of shark attacks worldwide, also noting a decline in fatalities, with only four deaths globally.
According to the report, the highest number of unprovoked attacks in 2024 occurred in the United States, with 28 incidents reported, 14 of which took place in Florida. Australia, traditionally the second country for shark attacks, saw a significant reduction in incidents and reported no fatalities. Isolated attacks were also recorded in Egypt, Belize, the Maldives, Mozambique, French Polynesia, and Thailand.
A rare incident took place off the coast of Western Sahara, where a German tourist was attacked while swimming near her boat in international waters. Tragically, she succumbed to her injuries during the return journey.
“Understanding natural shark behavior patterns,” explains Naylor, “helps us grasp why these animals occasionally bite humans. Many attacks result from misidentification or environmental conditions that favor shark activity.”
Globally, surfers accounted for 33% of all shark attacks in 2024. “Surfing takes place where waves break, which often leads to murky water,” Naylor explains. “Low visibility and the presence of fish attract sharks, making it harder for them to distinguish surfers from their usual prey.” Climate and oceanographic factors can also increase the likelihood of human-shark encounters, adds ISAF manager Joe Miguez.
Experts emphasize that the risk of unprovoked shark attacks remains extremely low, especially compared to other marine hazards such as rip currents and accidental drownings. Ongoing monitoring of environmental conditions is crucial, as factors like climate change and overfishing may impact shark behavior. Taking precautions—such as avoiding swimming in murky waters, near schools of fish, or wearing reflective jewelry—can further reduce the likelihood of a shark attack.
